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presentation: 1.3.0 2026-01-07 artikel, rapport, Reporting and intrepretation of results: Luminescence and radiocarbon dating of potsherds from Sino-Swedish expedition, Alashan Gobi desert, Inner Mongolia Rådata 615418 arkivdokument Statens museer för världskultur - Östasiatiska museet SMVK-OM Dokument http://kulturarvsdata.se/SMVK-OM/arkivdokument/615418 2012-Janz, K-13203-011, K-13207-006, K-13207-010, K-13203-006, K-13203-008, K-13207-002, K-13248-003, K-13298-001, K-13212-006, K-13248-006, K-13203-002, K-13207-003, K-13207-009, K-13248-005, K-13203-003, K-13207-007, K-13212-123, K-13248-008, K-13203-004, K-13207-004, K-13212-001, K-13298-015, K-13203-007, K-13203-010, K-13207-001, K-13207-005, K-13207-008, K-13212-128, K-13298-025, K-13203-001, K-13203-009 Artikel/rapport av Lisa Janz om resultatet av analyser av keramikskärvor från Inre Mongoliet som samlades in av Folke Bergman under fjärde Hedinexpeditionen. Ten ceramic sherds1 were selected from Folke Bergman’s archaeological collections held at the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities. These samples were all drawn from collections made in the Alashan Gobi during Sven Hedin’s scientific expedition in the north-western provinces of China between 1927 and 1935. Eight were dated using luminescence dating techniques and one was dated using radiocarbon. The remaining sherd was significant because had remnants of molten metal on one surface. I originally intended to take a thin section of this sherd and have a colleague undertake microscopic analysis to determine the chemical composition of the metal. However, my colleague became disinterested in doing so when he discovered that the artefact was found in the context of a surface scatter. He did visually examine the sherd under a microscope and told me that the metal was certainly copper, rather than bronze. No further information was available and the whole specimen is being returned with this report. Prior to this study, Chikhen Agui, a cave site in the Gobi-Altai mountains (Dere…

ItemDescription
type: Beskrivning
desc: Artikel/rapport av Lisa Janz om resultatet av analyser av keramikskärvor från Inre Mongoliet som samlades in av Folke Bergman under fjärde Hedinexpeditionen.

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: Ten ceramic sherds1 were selected from Folke Bergman’s archaeological collections held at the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities. These samples were all drawn from collections made in the Alashan Gobi during Sven Hedin’s scientific expedition in the north-western provinces of China between 1927 and 1935. Eight were dated using luminescence dating techniques and one was dated using radiocarbon. The remaining sherd was significant because had remnants of molten metal on one surface. I originally intended to take a thin section of this sherd and have a colleague undertake microscopic analysis to determine the chemical composition of the metal. However, my colleague became disinterested in doing so when he discovered that the artefact was found in the context of a surface scatter. He did visually examine the sherd under a microscope and told me that the metal was certainly copper, rather than bronze. No further information was available and the whole specimen is being returned with this report. Prior to this study, Chikhen Agui, a cave site in the Gobi-Altai mountains (Derevianko et al., 2003), was the only dated post-glacial archaeological site in the Gobi Desert. The purpose of this analysis was to acquire chronometric dates for some of the numerous archaeological assemblages collected in the Gobi Desert. Large collections of Stone Age material from Mongolia and China were collected and removed to Western museums in the 1920s and 1930s by Sven Hedin’s and Roy Chapman Andrews’ scientific expeditions. A brief surge of publication and descriptive analysis ensued during the early part of the 20th century. However, the political climate increasingly disallowed any further research by Western scholars and the collections were largely ignored until the collapse of the Soviet Union. (för fortsättning, se rapporten)

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: REPORTING AND INTREPRETATION OF RESULTS: LUMINESCENCE AND RADIOCARBON DATING OF POTSHERDS FROM SINO-SWEDISH EXPEDITION, ALASHAN GOBI DESERT, INNER MONGOLIA Lisa Janz, PhD Research Associate School of Anthropology University of Arizona Tucson, United States LJANZ@email.arizona.edu +1 510 223 5866/+1 520 271 5242 October 5, 2012 Introduction Ten ceramic sherds 1 were selected from Folke Bergman’s archaeological collections held at the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities. These samples were all drawn from collections made in the Alashan Gobi during Sven Hedin’s scientific expedition in the north-western provinces of China between 1927 and 1935. Eight were dated using luminescence dating techniques and one was dated using radiocarbon. The remaining sherd was significant because had remnants of molten metal on one surface. I originally intended to take a thin section of this sherd and have a colleague undertake microscopic analysis to determine the chemical composition of the metal. However, my colleague became disinterested in doing so when he discovered that the artefact was found in the context of a surface scatter. He did visually examine the sherd under a microscope and told me that the metal was certainly copper, rather than bronze. No further information was available and the whole specimen is being returned with this report. Prior to this study, Chikhen Agui, a cave site in the Gobi-Altai mountains (Derevianko et al., 2003), was the only dated post-glacial archaeological site in the Gobi Desert. The purpose of this analysis was to acquire chronometric dates for some of the numerous archaeological assemblages collected in the Gobi Desert. Large collections of Stone Age material from Mongolia and China were collected and removed to Western museums in the 1920s and 1930s by Sven Hedin’s and Roy Chapman Andrews’ scientific expeditions. A brief surge of publication and descriptive analysis ensued during the early part of the 20 th century. However, the political climate…

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: Dottore-namak, K. 13248: 1-14 The estimated age of site is ca. 500 BC, contemporary with the early Iron Age in China. Nomadic pastoralism was established across Northeast Asia at this time. Debitage from microblade manufacture and other stone tool manufacture detritus was found in this group, suggesting the continuation of stone tool working amongst Gobi Desert peoples, in combination with copper or bronze casting. High-fired red-ware was still being used, but appears to have been more coarsely manufactured by this time. K13248: 5 UW2356 2.15 + 0.31 ka 140 + 310 BC (470 BC – AD 170) K13248: 6 (not pictured, but similar appearance to K13248: 5) UW2355 2.74 + 0.23 ka 730 + 230 BC (960-500 BC) K. 13248: 3 Undated, diagnostic potsherd. K13248: 8 Visual microscopic examination by Dr. David Killick, School of Anthropology, University of Arizona (Tucson, United States). Droplets of copper melted copper onto over-fired potsherd, probably on exterior surface. This potsherd was an unusual specimen and destructive analysis was not used to obtain dates. It has been returned to the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities along with this destructive analysis report and a copy of my dissertation thesis on the Gobi Desert materials (Janz, 2012). Mantissar 12, K. 13298: 1-61 According to the luminescence dates (see below), this site assemblage comprises artefacts from different time periods, including components contemporary with both the Neolithic and the early Bronze Age of China. This site assemblage, like many of the site assemblages from the Gurnai Depression, contains red, thin-walled and high-fired potsherds painted with black geometric and curvilinear designs. These are comparable to Majiayao designs and probably also date to the Late Neolithic. Palaeontologist B. Bohlin made archaeological collections in the Gurnai Depression at the end of 1932. The site was collected on October 22. Bohlin reported a series of nearly uninterrupted prehistoric sites along the whole approximately 1…

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: -value** UW2355 260-380 1.0 Quadratic 14.5±4.2 UW2356 320-430 1.50±0.18 Linear 9.4±2.5 UW2357 250-420 0.52±0.16 Linear No test UW2358 250-420 1.0 Quadratic 10.4±2.9 UW2359 250-400 1.0 Linear No test UW2360 250-370 1.0 Linear 9.2±4.2 UW2361 250-310 13.7±7.2 Linear 11.8±9.0 UW2362 300-370 1.54±0.09 Linear 0.5±1.5 UW2450 250-430 1.29±0.14 Linear 5.7±1.0 UW2451 250-400 0.41±0.07 Linear 13.5±2.2 UW2452 250-420 0.54±0.07 Linear 9.0±3.3 UW2453 310-380 1.0 Quadratic 2.6±2.1 UW2454 280-330 0.65±0.05 Linear 8.5±1.4 *Refers to slope ratio between the first and second glow growth curves. A glow refers to luminescence as a function of temperature; a second glow comes after heating to 450°C. **g-value is the fading rate expressed as % per decade, where a decade is a power of 10. OSL/IRSL was measured on from 3 to 6 aliquots per sample (Table 4). Scatter among aliquots was generally low with derived over-dispersion in OSL of less than 6% for all but two samples. Dose recovery was within 1-sigma of the given dose for all but two samples. The OSL signal was from 3 to 100 times larger than the IRSL signal. This is normal for ceramics, and in cases where the OSL signal is much larger (say more than 10 times), feldspars (which are sensitive to IR stimulation and which are often subject to anomalous fading) probably do not contribute much to the OSL signal. The latter is therefore likely dominated by quartz, which suggests the OSL signal does not fade appreciably. Fading of the OSL signal is more likely when the OSL signal is only 3 or 4 times as large as the IRSL signal. Equivalent dose values are given in Table 5. They differ in value, even if they yield the same age, because of variation in b- value (also given in Table 5), which is a measure of alpha efficiency in producing luminescence. The b-value for quartz is around 0.4-0.6, while the b-value for feldspar is much higher. Low b- values for OSL means the signal is dominated by quartz and thus not likely to fade. (Fading tests were…

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: Material is drilled from the center of the cross- section, more than 2 mm from either surface, using a tungsten carbide drill tip. The material retrieved is ground gently by a corundum mortar and pestle, treated with HCl, and then settled in acetone for 2 and 20 minutes to separate the 1-8 µm fraction. This is settled onto a maximum of 72 stainless steel discs. Glow-outs Thermoluminescence is measured by a Daybreak reader using a 9635Q photomultiplier with a Corning 7-59 blue filter, in N2 atmosphere at 1°C/s to 450°C. A preheat of 240°C with no hold time precedes each measurement. Artificial irradiation is given with a 241 Am alpha source and a 90 Sr beta source, the latter calibrated against a 137 Cs gamma source. Discs are stored at room temperature for at least one week after irradiation before glow out. Data are processed by Daybreak TLApplic software. Fading test Several discs are used to test for anomalous fading. The natural luminescence is first measured by heating to 450°C. The discs are then given an equal alpha irradiation and stored at room temperature for varied times: 10 min, 2 hours, 1 day, 1 week and 8 weeks. The irradiations are staggered in time so that all of the second glows are performed on the same day. The second glows are normalized by the natural signal and then compared to determine any loss of signal with time (on a log scale). If the sample shows fading and the signal versus time values can be reasonably fit to a logarithmic function, an attempt is made to correct the age following procedures recommended by Huntley and Lamothe (2001). The fading rate is calculated as the g-value, which is given in percent per decade, where decade represents a power of 10. Equivalent dose The equivalent dose is determined by a combination additive dose and regeneration (Aitken 1985). Additive dose involves administering incremental doses to natural material. A growth curve plotting dose against luminescence can be extrapolated to the dose axis to estimate…

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: 19 b BS 19 c BS 19 d BS 19 e CH 35 SC 16 Figure 1. Results of dates (cal yr BP or ka at the 2σ range of error) for the entire Gobi Desert sample. Luminescence dates are represented by much larger margins of error. Dates are shown in calibrated years before present rather than BC. Alashan Gobi Gobi-Altai East Gobi The earliest habitation sites in the Alashan Gobi date to about 6000 years ago, or about 4000 BC. Archaeological assemblages are characterized primarily by the use of pottery and small stone tools made from blade-like flakes. This type of stone technology became prevalent across Northeast Asia between 20,000 and 15,000 years ago. As sedentary agriculture emerged across the Central Plains of China, the use of “microblade” technology declined rapidly. Pottery has been used in Northeast Asia since at least 16,500 years ago (Keally et al., 2003) and the earliest pottery from the Gobi Desert (housed at the AMNH) has been dated to 9500 years ago (from Shara Khata Well in the East Gobi). Microblade tools and pottery continued to be used by mobile hunter-gatherers and some agriculturalists north of the Central Plains, but polished stone and bone tools were added to toolkits. Large grinding slabs, handstones and pestles were also found in some Gobi Desert assemblages, but larger such equipment is relatively rare outside of the East Gobi. Therefore, the general character of Gobi Desert technological suites is one of Northeast Asian hunter-gatherers influenced by the technological advances of more sedentary neighbours. Likewise, the presence of painted black-on-red pottery in several of the Alashan Gobi sites is notable and suggests the influence of neighbouring sedentary agriculturalists. Considering the geographical location of Gobi Desert hunter-gatherers – separating and straddling the territories of western nomadic pastoralists and eastern sedentary agriculturalists – it would be highly desirable to more closely investigate the role these groups played in the eme…

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type: Text i dokument
desc: horse harnessing and milking. Science 323, 1332- 1335. Sampson, C. G., Bailiff, I., Barnett, S., 1997. Thermoluminescence dates from Later Stone Age Pottery on Surface Sites in the Upper Karoo. The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 52(165), 38-42. Wright, J., Honeychurch, W., Amartuvshin, C., 2007. Initial findings of the Baga Gazaryn Chuluu archaeological survey (2003-2006). Antiquity 81 (313). Online content. http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/wright313/ Appendix A. Details of Dated Artefacts and Site Assemblages Jabochin-khure, K. 13203: 1-11 It is not clear if this potsherd is contemporaneous with the rest of the artefacts in the K. 13203 site assemblage (Maringer, 1950: 138-139). However, the diagnostic quality of the decorative finish makes the luminescence date an important one for local chronology. This type of decoration can be described as “geometric-incised,” and is found on pottery from other sites in the Alashan Gobi and Gobi-Altai region of southern Mongolia, including Yingen-khuduk and Shabarakh-usu. Judging by the direct luminscence date on this artefact and dates on potsherds from other sites of a similar age, this type of decorative treatment was characteristic of the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age transition (ca. 3000 to 1000 BC according to Janz, 2012). K13203: 5 UW2361 3.51 + 0.30 ka 1500 + 300 BC (1800-1200 BC) Gashun Well, K. 13207: 1-34 The radiocarbon date for this potsherd also indicates that the site assemblage belongs to the Late Neolithic/ Early Bronze Age period and is contemporary with the majority of other Stone Age Gobi Desert sites, including, Jabochin-khure (above), components of Yingen-khuduk (below), and components of the famous Mongolian Shabarakh-usu locality (see Fairservis, 1993; Janz, 2012). The collection of artefacts is consistent with similarly aged sites (see Janz, 2012), but notable in that it contains many large stone tools made on brown jasper. These are probably unfinished adzes or axes. Similar stone speci…

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: described herein and if the date had been affected by contamination from the exterior portion, it would be older rather than younger. For this particular specimen, the source of carbon was residue from burning on the vessel surface. Results The majority of artefacts date to the Neolithic-to-Bronze Age transition between 2000 and 1000 BC. Despite the large range of error, these dates are extremely significant because they indicate that the many of the site assemblages are much younger than previously thought (Maringer, 1963; Fairservis, 1992; Bettinger et al., 1994). Periods of earlier occupation are evident at Yingen-khuduk (K. 13212: 1-186) and Mantissar 12 (K. 13298: 14). Figure 1 illustrates how the range of dates from Alashan fits into the entire Gobi Desert-wide sample, including those from the AMNH collections. Based on these dates and changes in artefact-types, as outlined in Janz (2012), four key phases of Gobi Desert habitation can be synthesized for the prehistoric periods following the Last Glacial Maximum: Epipalaeolithic/Mesolithic dating from 11,500 to 6000 BC; the Neolithic, dating to between 6000 and 4000 BC; the Eneolithic/Late Neolithic/Neolithic-to- Bronze Age transition, dating from 4000 to 1000 BC; and the Metal Ages, post-dating 1000 BC. My dissertation establishes a regional nomenclature, by which the first three of these periods can be referred to as Oasis 1 (incipient), Oasis 2 (intensive), and Oasis 3 (transitional), respectively. Results from the entire sample are illustrated below in Figure 1. Dates from the Alashan Gobi are highly consistent with those derived from the Gobi-Altai region, which is the region directly north of the Alashan, in Mongolia. Collections from these two regions span the latter half of Oasis 2, but are mostly associated with Oasis 3 occupations. Although this may be a vagary of sampling, it might also suggest more intensive occupation during the terminal phase of dune-field/wetland habitation. So far, the earliest …

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type: Text i dokument
desc: with my report to be archived in the library of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities. The manuscript has been accepted for publication by Archaeopress. It is currently being revised and should be available in 2013 as a BAR Monograph. In this report I will briefly summarize the results of chronometric dating and contextualize their significance in relation to the AMNH sample and to the greater regional archaeology of northern China and Inner Asia. Tabulated results of chronometric dating for these ten samples are summarized Table 1. Appendix A gives a more detailed account of each sample in the context of its respective site assemblage. Methods Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon and luminescence dating are complementary techniques. AMS provides dates with a low margin of error, while luminescence dates on pottery can be used in the absence of organic temper or surfical carbonization. Ceramics from the Alashan Gobi Desert rarely contain organics, the clay having been tempered entirely with sand rather than fibres. As such, the majority of these specimens were dated using luminescence at the University of Washington Luminescence Dating Laboratory in Seattle, Washington (United States). The full laboratory report is included in Appendix B. Luminescence dating is more destructive than radiocarbon (a fragment of pottery must be at least 5 mm thick and 30 mm in diameter), but provides a direct age range for the firing or use of the pot (Aiken, 1985; Feathers, 2003) rather than for the organics contained within it. Although there is a larger degree of uncertainty in luminescence dating, it is effective in building a relative chronology for pottery types (Godfrey-Smith et al., 1997; Herbert et al., 2002). The utility of dating surface ceramics by luminescence has been demonstrated in several cases (Dunnell and Feathers, 1994; Sampson et al., 1997); the technique is especially useful in circumstances where multiple occupation episodes may have been intermixed (F…

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: nature of Gobi Desert habitation from about 4000-1000 BC. Chronometric dating has provided a basis for creating a preliminary chronology for a region that was otherwise uncontextualized within the greater milieu of cultural and technological change across Northeast Asia during the Neolithic. Valuable information remains to be derived from these collections, both in the form of additional lithic analysis (as exemplified in Janz, 2012) and in the form of additional chronometric dating. Residue analysis of pottery sherds would also be a valuable analytical tool, as it might indicate more about local subsistence, including the possible use of milk products (Evershed et al., 2008; Outram et al., 2009). Conscientious and conservative sample selection is required in order to ensure that the value of these collections is preserved for future scholars. References Aiken, M. J., 1985. Thermoluminescence Dating. Academic Press, New York. Bettinger, R. L., Madsen, D. B., Elston, R. G., 1994. Prehistoric settlement categories and settlement systems in the Alashan Desert of Inner Mongolia, PRC. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13, 74-101. Derevianko, A. P., Gladyshev, S. A., Nohrina, T. I., Olsen, J. W., 2003. The Mongolian Early Holocene excavations at Chikhen Agui Rockshelter in the Gobi Altai. The Review of Archaeology 24(2), 50-56. Dunnell, R. C., Feathers, J. K., 1994. Thermoluminescence dating of surficial archaeological material in: Beck, C. (Ed.), Dating in Exposed and Surface Contexts. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 115-137. Evershed, R. P., Payne, S., Sherratt, et al., 2008. Earliest date for milk use in the Near East and southeastern Europe linked to cattle herding. Nature 455, 528-531. Fairservis, W. A., 1993. The Archaeology of the Southern Gobi, Mongolia. Carolina Academic Press, Durham. Feathers, J. K., 2003. Use of luminescence dating in archaeology. Measurement Science and Technology 14, 1493-1509. Frachetti, M. D., 2008. Pastoralist Landsc…

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: but no associated sediment sample was available. Dose rates were mainly determined using alpha counting and flame photometry. The beta dose rate calculated from these measurements was compared with the beta dose rate measured directly by beta counting. These were in agreement for all samples but UW2361. The reason for the discrepancy in the latter is uncertain. It could relate to disequilibrium in the uranium decay chain, not uncommon for clays, but it is unlikely this effect would be very significant given the very high K content for this sample. An error in K measurement from flame photometry is possible, so the age for this sample was calculated using the beta dose rate from beta counting, which is a more direct measure. For the external dose rate, an average quantity of measured radioactive nuclides from several sand samples from Mongolia processed earlier in the lab for another project were used. Generous error terms reflecting the variation used to compute this average were assigned. The sherds were assumed to come from the surface, probably not accurate for their entire history, but the error from this is probably small given the low radioactivity of sand dunes, and at any rate not significant given the error in the external dose rate. Moisture content was estimated as 3 ± 3 % of saturated value for the sherds, and 6 ± 3 percent for the sediments, both reflecting the arid environment. Table 2 gives relevant data, including the total dose rate for each sample. Table 2. Dose rate Sample 238 U (ppm) 233 Th (ppm) K (%) Beta dose rate (Gy/ka) Total dose rate* (Gy/ka) ß- counting α-counting/ flame photometry UW2355 3.72±0.27 12.73±1.42 2.46±0.28 2.45±0.21 2.87±0.23 4.52±0.35 UW2356 3.54±0.27 13.51±1.56 2.44±0.15 2.58±0.22 2.84±0.14 4.99±0.35 UW2357 2.40±0.16 3.95±0.81 1.98±0.15 1.83±0.15 2.05±0.12 3.31±0.25 UW2358 2.59±0.20 10.29±1.23 2.84±0.23 2.58±0.22 2.94±0.19 4.11±0.28 UW2359 3.57±0.28 16.35±1.64 4.18±0.32 3.86±0.32 4.32±0.27 7.05±1.54 UW2360 2.28±0.15 2.65±0.…

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: .47±0.21 5.45±0.18 1.17±0.08 1.43±0.06 1.25±0.05 * Equivalent dose taken from additive dose intercept. Ages -- Table 5 gives the best estimated ages for each sample. They will be discussed in terms of their reliability. Three samples showed statistical agreement in age among TL, OSL, and IRSL. No fading test on the TL signal was performed on UW2357, but agreement among the three signals would not be expected if there was any significant fading because they are not expected to fade at the same rate. For UW2360 and UW2452 the agreement of OSL and IRSL is with the uncorrected TL signal. In the case of UW2360, the TL fading was not significant. TL fading was significant for UW2452, but the measured rate was based on only three points (and one outlier was removed), so it is not highly reliable. Agreement between OSL and IRSL is not expected if any fading is significant. Plus the OSL b-value was reasonably low and the OSL signal 40 times larger than the IRSL signal, meaning the OSL signal probably reflects mainly quartz. All three of these ages are thus considered reliable. The OSL and IRSL ages agreed for UW2453 as well, but the uncorrected TL age was significantly older. The b-value for OSL was in the range of quartz, and OSL signal was 100 times larger than the IRSL signal. The OSL signal thus appears to be dominated by quartz . The TL fading rate was low and the correction not significant, so there is not much evidence of fading in this sample. There was high scatter in the TL growth curves, so the best conclusion is that the TL age is not reliable, but the OSL/IRSL one is. For UW2356 and UW2450, the OSL age agrees with the corrected TL age, so these should be reliable ages. The IRSL signal on both surely fades. The OSL and uncorrected TL ages agree on UW2359. No fading test was conducted. The OSL b-value is in the range of quartz, so the OSL signal does not likely fade, making this age reliable. On UW2355, UW2361 and UW2451, the age is based only on OSL. For UW2355, …

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: 100s at 125°C of OSL (470nm diodes). Detection is through 7.5mm of Hoya U340 (ultra-violet) filters. The two stimulations are used to construct IRSL and OSL growth curves, so that two estimations of equivalent dose are available. Anomalous fading usually involves feldspars and only feldspars are sensitive to IRSL stimulation. The rationale for the IRSL stimulation is to remove most of the feldspar signal, so that the subsequent OSL (post IR blue) signal is free from anomalous fading. However, feldspar is also sensitive to blue light (470nm), and it is possible that IRSL does not remove all the feldspar signal. Some preliminary tests in our laboratory have suggested that the OSL signal does not suffer from fading, but this may be sample specific. The procedure is still undergoing study. A dose recovery test is performed by first zeroing the sample by exposure to light and then administering a known dose. The SAR protocol is then applied to see if the known dose can be obtained. Alpha efficiency will surely differ among IRSL, OSL and TL on fine-grained materials. It does differ between coarse-grained feldspar and quartz (Aitken 1985). Research is currently underway in the laboratory to determine how much b-value varies according to stimulation method. Results from several samples from different geographic locations show that OSL b- value is less variable and centers around 0.5. IRSL b-value is more variable and is higher than that for OSL. TL b-value tends to fall between the OSL and IRSL values. We currently are measuring the b-value for IRSL and OSL by giving an alpha dose to aliquots whose luminescence have been drained by exposure to light. An equivalent dose is determined by SAR using beta irradiation, and the beta/alpha equivalent dose ratio is taken as the b-value. Age and error terms The age and error for both OSL and TL are calculated by a laboratory constructed spreadsheet, based on Aitken (1985). All error terms are reported at 1-sigma. References Adamiec, …

ItemDescription
type: Text i dokument
desc: beta irradiations. The slide program is also used in this regard, taking the scale factor (which is the ratio of the two slopes) as the b-value (Aitken 1985). Radioactivity Radioactivity is measured by alpha counting in conjunction with atomic emission for 40 K. Samples for alpha counting are crushed in a mill to flour consistency, packed into plexiglass containers with ZnS:Ag screens, and sealed for one month before counting. The pairs technique is used to separate the U and Th decay series. For atomic emission measurements, samples are dissolved in HF and other acids and analyzed by a Jenway flame photometer. K concentrations for each sample are determined by bracketing between standards of known concentration. Conversion to 40 K is by natural atomic abundance. Radioactivity is also measured, as a check, by beta counting, using a Risø low level beta GM multicounter system. About 0.5 g of crushed sample is placed on each of four plastic sample holders. All are counted for 24 hours. The average is converted to dose rate following Bøtter-Jensen and Mejdahl (1988) and compared with the beta dose rate calculated from the alpha counting and flame photometer results. Both the sherd and an associated soil sample are measured for radioactivity. Additional soil samples are analyzed where the environment is complex, and gamma contributions determined by gradients (after Aitken 1985: appendix H). Cosmic radiation is determined after Prescott and Hutton (1988). Radioactivity concentrations are translated into dose rates following Adamiec and Aitken (1998). Moisture Contents Water absorption values for the sherds are determined by comparing the saturated and dried weights. For temperate climates, moisture in the pottery is taken to be 80 ± 20 percent of total absorption, unless otherwise indicated by the archaeologist. Again for temperate climates, soil moisture contents are taken from typical moisture retention quantities for different textured soils (Brady 1974: 196), unless …

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name: Reporting and intrepretation of results: Luminescence and radiocarbon dating of potsherds from Sino-Swedish expedition, Alashan Gobi desert, Inner Mongolia

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Janz, Lisa
type: Context
context label: Tillverkad
context type: produce
context super type: create
from time: 2012-01
to time: 2012-12
P94 B.was created by: http://kulturarvsdata.se/SMVK-EM/name/3212965

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byline: Janz, Lisa
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media license: by-nc-nd
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